为什么晋商拜关公,而徽商拜朱子?
发布日期:2023-09-14 14:44:40 浏览次数:87510
作者:办公室
谁是中国最成功的商人?每个人可能会有不同的答案。但如果将视线投入到中国辽阔的历史中,晋商和徽商肯定榜上有名,而且名列前茅。这两地的商人同是经商求财,所拜的财神却不是一位。
晋商拜关公,徽商拜朱熹。
虽然心中的财神不是一位,却是一条殊途同归的求财路。
晋商和徽商相继兴起于明代中叶,时有“北晋南徽”之说。晋商以地缘关系为基础,徽商以血缘宗族关系为基础;晋商推崇关羽,徽商信奉朱熹。那么,这两个同一时期兴起的商帮,为何会有如此差异?道中华:晋商和徽商作为中国历史上重要的两大商帮,是如何兴起的?各自主营的领域是什么?王晋丽:明清时期,全国统一市场逐步形成,晋商在这一时期兴起,主要经营盐铁,同时还兼有粮食、棉布、棉花、丝绸、茶叶、绒货、颜料、煤炭、木材、烟草等商品贸易。清中后期,晋商在全国商品市场大显身手,票号也应运而生。山西省平遥县龙跃村人雷履泰于道光三年(1823年)创立了中国第一家票号——日升昌。此后,平遥陆续出现了20余家票号,这些票号在全国各地设有500余个分号,涉及70余个城镇,北至包头、张家口,西至迪化(今乌鲁木齐)、凉州(今甘肃武威),南至香港,形成了一个巨大的金融网络,“汇通天下”。正因如此,梁启超称颂山西票号“执中国金融界之牛耳”。徽州粮食产量不足,也没有得天独厚的茶叶和木材生产条件,徽州人便多外出经商谋出路。至明代中叶,徽商形成了盐、典(当)、茶、木等四大主营行业。盐在古代由官方控制,民间不允许制造和销售食盐,贩卖私盐是重罪。至朱元璋制定“开中法”,允许民间用粮食换官方食盐。当然,开中法也有种种不便,商人需先去北部边疆纳粮,然后再去盐场支盐,来回奔波,成本较高。明弘治五年(1492年),户部尚书叶淇进行盐政改革,提出了用“开中折色制”代替了“开中法”的做法,史称“叶淇变法”。至此,商人不用再到北部边疆用粮食换盐票,在内地就可以到盐运司用银两换取盐票。徽商离北部边疆距离遥远,原本在“开中法”下销售食盐不占优势,但由于“叶淇变法”,让原本的劣势不复存在,徽商因此快速发展。然而,至明万历后期,战争连年不断,徽商也因此遭受重创。清中叶,全国市场相对繁荣,徽商凭着“徽骆驼”的精神,不辞辛苦外出经商,又重新发展壮大起来。▲山西省祁县乔家堡村乔家大院。(图片来源:图虫创意)道中华:晋商避亲举乡,而徽商以血缘和宗族关系为基础;晋商推崇关羽,而徽商信奉朱熹,为什么会产生这样的差异?王晋丽:晋商的商帮治理采取“东伙制”,即让有能力、有经验的掌柜掌控经营权、决策权,股东只负责资本投入,其用人核心是避亲举乡,因此聚集了大批精明能干、实在可靠的同乡来经营管理。此外,晋商制定了严格的“号规”,如号内伙计不得打架斗殴,不得拨弄是非,必须听从指挥;禁止结伙营私;掌柜等高级人员一律不准携带家眷,伙计等不准在营地结婚,戒嫖戒毒;不得向掌柜或财东送礼;不得在掌柜或财东家攀谈闲坐;每三年可回家探亲一次等。晋商对违规被辞退的员工,也有很多惩戒机制,即被一家辞退后,其他晋商也不再录用,使得商帮成员不敢轻易做出违规之事。
徽地受朱子理学影响,宗族意识浓厚,宗族制度固化成为徽州人的日常行为规范。徽商外出经商,宗族伦理是其主要约束手段。唐宋以来,关羽的“忠义”越来越被推崇,加封的谥号也越来越多。仅宋徽宗就先后加封关公为“忠惠公”“崇宁真君”“武安王”“义勇武安王”等,关公的地位达到极致,民间称其为关帝、关帝爷、关夫子、关圣帝君、协天大帝等。与关公同乡的晋商,便把关公作为保护神和精神偶像来膜拜,并据此塑造了其商业伦理中最基本的内核,即以义取利,以诚取胜,追求“利”要以“义”为前提,不做有悖于义的事情。因此,“义”也成为了晋商的代名词。徽州则是宋代理学家朱熹的故里,自称“新安朱熹”的朱子数次回乡探亲并在此讲学,其所倡导的“理”和“礼”对徽商的商业秩序及个人修养产生了很大影响。朱熹的理学思想是一种实用性的理学精神,颠覆了传统文化中的轻商观念,为儒、商结合提供了理论支撑。朱熹认为“正其义则利自在,明其道则功自在”。徽商谨遵朱熹教义,不以功利为急,而以仁义为天,“财自道生,利缘义取”,在追求经济利益的同时,不失“仁风”,表现出商人的儒雅。朱熹的礼学,徽人争相学习,徽商自不待言。徽商供奉朱子像,把大儒朱熹奉为神明,在经商之余,朱子之书不离左右。道中华:无论是晋商还是徽商,很多人获利致富后都回报家乡,救济乡邻、修路架桥、兴办义学。晋商和徽商背后有着怎样共通的商业文化?王晋丽:晋商和徽商的辉煌程度在同一时期不相上下,这不是偶然的,而是有其必然性。最重要的一点即是在义利面前,一定是“见利思义”,这与传统儒家“义利观”息息相关。商业伦理中的义利取舍,主要指物质利益和道德原则的关系问题。儒家重义轻利,并不是只注重义而忽视利,而是在义与利处于对立状态的时候,强调义的重要性和必要性,也即在追求利益的过程中要以义为准绳,不损害他人和社会利益。晋商注重“以义制利”,即面对“义利”冲突,更为彻底明确地强调“义”;徽商注重“以义求利”,即在追求利的同时不忘义。徽商和晋商虽在经营管理方式上有差异,但从根本上来说,儒家的“义利观”是两者共同的价值取向,而这也正是中华商道独特的智慧所在。
标题:为什么晋商拜关公,而徽商拜朱子?。内容:<p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;margin-left: 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.578px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">谁是中国最成功的商人?每个人可能会有不同的答案。但如果将视线投入到中国辽阔的历史中,晋商和徽商肯定榜上有名,而且名列前茅。这两地的商人同是经商求财,所拜的财神却不是一位。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;margin-left: 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.578px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">晋商拜关公,徽商拜朱熹。</span></strong></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;margin-left: 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.578px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">虽然心中的财神不是一位,却是一条殊途同归的求财路。</span></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">晋商和徽商相继兴起于明代中叶,时有“北晋南徽”之说。晋商以地缘关系为基础,徽商以血缘宗族关系为基础;晋商推崇关羽,徽商信奉朱熹。那么,这两个同一时期兴起的商帮,为何会有如此差异?</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">道中华:晋商和徽商作为中国历史上重要的两大商帮,是如何兴起的?各自主营的领域是什么?</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">王晋丽:</span></strong><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">明清时期,全国统一市场逐步形成,晋商在这一时期兴起,主要经营盐铁,同时还兼有粮食、棉布、棉花、丝绸、茶叶、绒货、颜料、煤炭、木材、烟草等商品贸易。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">清中后期,晋商在全国商品市场大显身手,票号也应运而生。山西省平遥县龙跃村人雷履泰于道光三年(1823年)创立了中国第一家票号——日升昌。此后,平遥陆续出现了20余家票号,这些票号在全国各地设有500余个分号,涉及70余个城镇,北至包头、张家口,西至迪化(今乌鲁木齐)、凉州(今甘肃武威),南至香港,形成了一个巨大的金融网络,“汇通天下”。<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">正因如此,梁启超称颂山西票号“执中国金融界之牛耳”。</strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">徽州粮食产量不足,也没有得天独厚的茶叶和木材生产条件,徽州人便多外出经商谋出路。至明代中叶,徽商形成了盐、典(当)、茶、木等四大主营行业。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">盐在古代由官方控制,民间不允许制造和销售食盐,贩卖私盐是重罪。至朱元璋制定“开中法”,允许民间用粮食换官方食盐。当然,开中法也有种种不便,商人需先去北部边疆纳粮,然后再去盐场支盐,来回奔波,成本较高。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">明弘治五年(1492年),户部尚书叶淇进行盐政改革,提出了用“开中折色制”代替了“开中法”的做法,史称“叶淇变法”。至此,商人不用再到北部边疆用粮食换盐票,在内地就可以到盐运司用银两换取盐票。徽商离北部边疆距离遥远,原本在“开中法”下销售食盐不占优势,但由于“叶淇变法”,让原本的劣势不复存在,徽商因此快速发展。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">然而,至明万历后期,战争连年不断,徽商也因此遭受重创。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">清中叶,全国市场相对繁荣,<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">徽商凭着“徽骆驼”的精神,不辞辛苦外出经商,又重新发展壮大起来。</strong></span></section><p></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;visibility: visible;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/EDOBdXdz1sdtDsfEhr02AgnxyVj5paPofxiaMYgkuFbAYOT7vv6HiaKSHnXG95qsIdIP4SYceVKK24ArJN1a2djg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt="图片"/></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">▲</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">山西省祁县乔家堡村乔家大院。</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">(图片来源:</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">图虫创意</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">)</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">道中华:晋商避亲举乡,而徽商以血缘和宗族关系为基础;晋商推崇关羽,而徽商信奉朱熹,为什么会产生这样的差异?</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">王晋丽:</span></strong><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">晋商的商帮治理采取“东伙制”,即让有能力、有经验的掌柜掌控经营权、决策权,股东只负责资本投入,其用人核心是避亲举乡,因此聚集了大批精明能干、实在可靠的同乡来经营管理。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">此外,晋商制定了严格的“号规”,如号内伙计不得打架斗殴,不得拨弄是非,必须听从指挥;禁止结伙营私;掌柜等高级人员一律不准携带家眷,伙计等不准在营地结婚,戒嫖戒毒;不得向掌柜或财东送礼;不得在掌柜或财东家攀谈闲坐;每三年可回家探亲一次等。晋商对违规被辞退的员工,也有很多惩戒机制,即被一家辞退后,其他晋商也不再录用,使得商帮成员不敢轻易做出违规之事。<br style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"/></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">徽地受朱子理学影响,宗族意识浓厚,<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">宗族制度固化成为徽州人的日常行为规范</strong>。徽商外出经商,宗族伦理是其主要约束手段。</span></section><p></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;visibility: visible;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/EDOBdXdz1sdtDsfEhr02AgnxyVj5paPoxSnxV6rMsLoppqtO31qWotmAuTyvx9ZLMjsM4FCM3NRk295Tdo9icXg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt="图片"/></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">▲</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">安徽省黄山歙县徽商宅院。</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">(图片来源:</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">图虫创意)</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">唐宋以来,关羽的“忠义”越来越被推崇,加封的谥号也越来越多。仅宋徽宗就先后加封关公为“忠惠公”“崇宁真君”“武安王”“义勇武安王”等,关公的地位达到极致,民间称其为关帝、关帝爷、关夫子、关圣帝君、协天大帝等。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">与关公同乡的晋商,便把关公作为保护神和精神偶像来膜拜,并据此塑造了其商业伦理中最基本的内核,即以义取利,以诚取胜,追求“利”要以“义”为前提,不做有悖于义的事情。<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">因此,“义”也成为了晋商的代名词。</strong></span></section><p></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;visibility: visible;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/EDOBdXdz1sdtDsfEhr02AgnxyVj5paPoxSnxV6rMsLoppqtO31qWotmAuTyvx9ZLMjsM4FCM3NRk295Tdo9icXg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt="图片"/></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">▲</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">山西运城关羽铜像</span>。</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">(图片来源:</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">图虫创意)</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">徽州则是宋代理学家朱熹的故里,自称“新安朱熹”的朱子数次回乡探亲并在此讲学,其所倡导的“理”和“礼”对徽商的商业秩序及个人修养产生了很大影响。朱熹的理学思想是一种实用性的理学精神,颠覆了传统文化中的轻商观念,为儒、商结合提供了理论支撑。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">朱熹认为“正其义则利自在,明其道则功自在”。徽商谨遵朱熹教义,不以功利为急,而以仁义为天,<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">“财自道生,利缘义取”</strong>,在追求经济利益的同时,不失“仁风”,表现出商人的儒雅。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">朱熹的礼学,徽人争相学习,徽商自不待言。徽商供奉朱子像,把大儒朱熹奉为神明,在经商之余,朱子之书不离左右。</span></section><p></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;visibility: visible;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/EDOBdXdz1sdtDsfEhr02AgnxyVj5paPoxSnxV6rMsLoppqtO31qWotmAuTyvx9ZLMjsM4FCM3NRk295Tdo9icXg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt="图片"/></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">▲</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">福建武夷山朱熹雕塑</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">。</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">(图片来源:</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">中国新闻</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">网</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">)</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">道中华:无论是晋商还是徽商,很多人获利致富后都回报家乡,救济乡邻、修路架桥、兴办义学。晋商和徽商背后有着怎样共通的商业文化?</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">王晋丽:</span></strong><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">晋商和徽商的辉煌程度在同一时期不相上下,这不是偶然的,而是有其必然性。<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">最重要的一点即是在义利面前,一定是“见利思义”</strong>,这与传统儒家“义利观”息息相关。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">商业伦理中的义利取舍,主要指物质利益和道德原则的关系问题。儒家重义轻利,并不是只注重义而忽视利,而是在义与利处于对立状态的时候,强调义的重要性和必要性,也即在追求利益的过程中要以义为准绳,不损害他人和社会利益。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(85, 85, 85);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">晋商注重“以义制利”,即面对“义利”冲突,更为彻底明确地强调“义”;徽商注重“以义求利”,即在追求利的同时不忘义。徽商和晋商虽在经营管理方式上有差异,但从根本上来说,<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">儒家的“义利观”是两者共同的价值取向,而这也正是中华商道独特的智慧所在。</strong></span></section><p></p><p><br/></p>