金维刚: 中国养老保障制度能够可持续发展
发布日期:2023-03-24 15:05:40 浏览次数:25444
作者:社保科
3月5日,李克强总理所作的政府工作报告中指出,过去五年我国基本养老保险参保人数增加1.4亿、覆盖10.5亿人,展现了我国在养老保障领域取得的显著成就。
目前,中国已经建成世界上最庞大的养老保障体系,包括三支柱养老保障体系和国家社会保障储备基金。在三支柱养老保障体系中,作为第一支柱的基本养老保险包括城镇职工基本养老保险制度和城乡居民基本养老保险制度。其中,城镇职工基本养老保险制度覆盖机关事业单位工作人员、企业职工、个体劳动者和灵活就业人员。作为第二支柱的补充养老保险包括企业年金和职业年金。第三支柱包括个人养老金制度和商业养老保险等。国家社会保障储备基金是国务院设立的全国社会保障基金,由中央财政预算拨款、国有资本划转、基金投资收益和以国务院批准的其他方式筹集的资金构成,主要用于人口老龄化高峰时期社会保障支出的补充、调剂。
2021年全国城镇职工基本养老保险基金总收入为6.05万亿元,同比增长36.2%;基金总支出为5.65万亿元,同比增长10.1%;养老保险基金的累计结余为5.26万亿元,同比增长8.8%,基金累计结余可支付月数为11.17个月。由此可见,目前我国养老保险基金收支运行平稳,完全能够确保养老金待遇按时足额发放。
近年来,社会上一些言论认为中国城镇职工基本养老保险基金收不抵支、未来基金收支不可持续。这种观点是对中国城镇职工基本养老保险制度设计及运行机制的认识不够全面。
实际上,在中国各类基本养老保险制度中,财政投入机制是其中的重要支撑。不论是城镇职工基本养老保险还是城乡居民基本养老保险,财政补助都是基本养老保险基金的法定来源,并纳入财政预算予以资金保障。据统计,1998-2022年中央财政对企业职工基本养老保险基金的补助资金累计达到6万亿元,重点向中西部地区和老工业基地省份倾斜。近年来,中央财政补助占职工养老保险基金总收入的比重都在12%以上。正因为中国城镇职工基本养老保险基金筹资来源包括财政补助,并且国家不断加大对基本养老保险的财政投入,从而为确保退休人员基本养老金按时足额发放提供可靠保障。
此外,在补充养老保险方面,2021年末全国有11.75万户企业建立企业年金,参加职工2875 万人,投资运营规模2.61万亿元,当年投资收益总额达到1242亿元。同期,职业年金基金投资运营规模1.79万亿元,当年投资收益额932亿元。企业年金和职业年金累计结存超过4万亿元;各类商业养老保险(年金)保费收入总额也超过1万亿元。
党的十八大以来,中国在深化养老保险制度改革方面取得重大进展和辉煌成就,不断健全和完善养老保障制度体系,主要表现在以下六个方面:
一是推进机关事业单位养老保险制度改革取得重大突破。2015年发布的《国务院关于机关事业单位工作人员养老保险制度改革的决定》,在全国范围内推行机关事业单位养老保险制度改革,实行与企业职工统一的城镇职工基本养老保险制度,有力促进养老保险制度方面逐步实现社会公平。
二是促进城乡居民基本养老保险制度统一。在养老金待遇方面实行基础养老金+个人账户养老金的计发办法,其中基础养老金完全由财政补助基金来承担,中央财政对基础养老金补贴办法是:对东部地区补贴50%;对中西部地区补贴100%。地方政府可用地方财政资金增加当地城乡居民基础养老金标准。2022年末,参加城乡居民基本养老保险人数已经增加到5.5亿人。60岁以上城乡老年居民养老金水平已逐步提高到人均每月179元,有的地方已经提高到1000元左右。
三是在建立企业职工基本养老保险基金中央调剂制度的基础上,从2022年1月1日起实行企业职工基本养老保险全国统筹,全年筹集跨省调剂资金共计2440亿元,为基金收支困难省份养老金发放提供有力支持。
四是完善退休人员养老金待遇调整机制。到2022年已经连续18年提高企业退休人员养老金水平,其中企业退休人员人均养老金水平将超过3000元;2022年全国已有19个省份提高城乡居民基本养老保险的省级基础养老金标准。
五是制定并实施基本养老保险基金投资运营办法,为数以万亿计的基本养老保险基金开辟了市场化投资运营的渠道,从而有利于实现保值增值的目标。截至2021年末,从基本养老保险基金结余归集到各省级政府委托全国社会保障基金理事会进行投入市场化投资运营形成的资产总额达到1.67万亿元。自2016年12月基本养老保险基金受托运营以来,累计投资收益额2619.77亿元,年均投资收益率6.49%。
六是作为养老保障第三支柱主体的个人养老金制度正式建立起来。自2022年11月25日在全国36个城市或地区先行启动试点,截至2022年末个人养老金参加人数共计1954万人,其中已经缴费人数613万人,缴费总额共计142亿元。到2023年2月末,参与个人养老金人数已经增加到2817万人。
除推进三支柱养老保障体系建设之外,国家社会保障储备基金经过20多年的积累,正在不断做大做强。据统计,2021年末全国社会保障基金资产总额3.02万亿元。社保基金自成立以来的年均投资收益率8.30%,累计投资收益额1.80万亿元。在财政性拨入资金和股份资本中,一般公共预算拨款3548亿元,国有股减转持资金和股份2844亿元。2021年末全国国有企业资产总额达到308.3万亿元,为全国社会保障基金提供强大的后盾。
因此,随着我国养老保险制度改革不断深化,多层次、多支柱的养老保障体系不断健全和完善,全国社会保障基金持续做大做强,将为我国养老保障体系实现长期可持续发展提供可靠的制度保障。
注:本文转自《环球时报》2023年3月6日,作者系中国社会保障研究会副会长,浙江大学国家制度研究院副院长、共享与发展研究院研究员、中国养老金融50人论坛学术委员会主席金维刚。
标题:金维刚: 中国养老保障制度能够可持续发展。内容:<p style="margin-top: 32px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">日,李克强总理所作的政府工作报告中指出,过去五年我国基本养老保险参保人数增加</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.4</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">亿、覆盖</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10.5</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">亿人,展现了我国在养老保障领域取得的显著成就。</span></p><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">目前,中国已经建成世界上最庞大的养老保障体系,包括三支柱养老保障体系和国家社会保障储备基金。在三支柱养老保障体系中,作为第一支柱的基本养老保险包括城镇职工基本养老保险制度和城乡居民基本养老保险制度。其中,城镇职工基本养老保险制度覆盖机关事业单位工作人员、企业职工、个体劳动者和灵活就业人员。作为第二支柱的补充养老保险包括企业年金和职业年金。第三支柱包括个人养老金制度和商业养老保险等。国家社会保障储备基金是国务院设立的全国社会保障基金,由中央财政预算拨款、国有资本划转、基金投资收益和以国务院批准的其他方式筹集的资金构成,主要用于人口老龄化高峰时期社会保障支出的补充、调剂。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2021</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年全国城镇职工基本养老保险基金总收入为</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6.05</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万亿元,同比增长</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">36.2%</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">;基金总支出为</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5.65</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万亿元,同比增长</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10.1%</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">;养老保险基金的累计结余为</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5.26</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万亿元,同比增长</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">8.8%</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,基金累计结余可支付月数为</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">11.17</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">个月。由此可见,目前我国养老保险基金收支运行平稳,完全能够确保养老金待遇按时足额发放。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">近年来,社会上一些言论认为中国城镇职工基本养老保险基金收不抵支、未来基金收支不可持续。这种观点是对中国城镇职工基本养老保险制度设计及运行机制的认识不够全面。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">实际上,在中国各类基本养老保险制度中,财政投入机制是其中的重要支撑。不论是城镇职工基本养老保险还是城乡居民基本养老保险,财政补助都是基本养老保险基金的法定来源,并纳入财政预算予以资金保障。据统计,</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1998-2022</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年中央财政对企业职工基本养老保险基金的补助资金累计达到</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万亿元,重点向中西部地区和老工业基地省份倾斜。近年来,中央财政补助占职工养老保险基金总收入的比重都在</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">12%</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以上。正因为中国城镇职工基本养老保险基金筹资来源包括财政补助,并且国家不断加大对基本养老保险的财政投入,从而为确保退休人员基本养老金按时足额发放提供可靠保障。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">此外,在补充养老保险方面,</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2021</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年末全国有</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">11.75</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万户企业建立企业年金,参加职工</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2875 </span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万人,投资运营规模</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.61</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万亿元,当年投资收益总额达到</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1242</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">亿元。同期,职业年金基金投资运营规模</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.79</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万亿元,当年投资收益额</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">932</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">亿元。企业年金和职业年金累计结存超过</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万亿元;各类商业养老保险(年金)保费收入总额也超过</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万亿元。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">党的十八大以来,中国在深化养老保险制度改革方面取得重大进展和辉煌成就,不断健全和完善养老保障制度体系,主要表现在以下六个方面:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一是推进机关事业单位养老保险制度改革取得重大突破。</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2015</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年发布的《国务院关于机关事业单位工作人员养老保险制度改革的决定》,在全国范围内推行机关事业单位养老保险制度改革,实行与企业职工统一的城镇职工基本养老保险制度,有力促进养老保险制度方面逐步实现社会公平。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二是促进城乡居民基本养老保险制度统一。在养老金待遇方面实行基础养老金+个人账户养老金的计发办法,其中基础养老金完全由财政补助基金来承担,中央财政对基础养老金补贴办法是:对东部地区补贴</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">50%</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">;对中西部地区补贴</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">100%</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">。地方政府可用地方财政资金增加当地城乡居民基础养老金标准。</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2022</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年末,参加城乡居民基本养老保险人数已经增加到</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5.5</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">亿人。</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">60</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">岁以上城乡老年居民养老金水平已逐步提高到人均每月</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">179</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">元,有的地方已经提高到</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1000</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">元左右。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三是在建立企业职工基本养老保险基金中央调剂制度的基础上,从</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2022</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">日起实行企业职工基本养老保险全国统筹,全年筹集跨省调剂资金共计</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2440</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">亿元,为基金收支困难省份养老金发放提供有力支持。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">四是完善退休人员养老金待遇调整机制。到</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2022</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年已经连续</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">18</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年提高企业退休人员养老金水平,其中企业退休人员人均养老金水平将超过</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3000</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">元;</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2022</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年全国已有</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">19</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">个省份提高城乡居民基本养老保险的省级基础养老金标准。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">五是制定并实施基本养老保险基金投资运营办法,为数以万亿计的基本养老保险基金开辟了市场化投资运营的渠道,从而有利于实现保值增值的目标。截至</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2021</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年末,从基本养老保险基金结余归集到各省级政府委托全国社会保障基金理事会进行投入市场化投资运营形成的资产总额达到</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.67</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万亿元。自</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2016</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">12</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">月基本养老保险基金受托运营以来,累计投资收益额</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2619.77</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">亿元,年均投资收益率</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6.49%</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">六是作为养老保障第三支柱主体的个人养老金制度正式建立起来。自</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2022</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">11</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">25</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">日在全国</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">36</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">个城市或地区先行启动试点,截至</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2022</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年末个人养老金参加人数共计</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1954</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万人,其中已经缴费人数</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">613</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万人,缴费总额共计</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">142</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">亿元。到</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2023</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">月末,参与个人养老金人数已经增加到</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2817</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万人。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">除推进三支柱养老保障体系建设之外,国家社会保障储备基金经过</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">多年的积累,正在不断做大做强。据统计,</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2021</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年末全国社会保障基金资产总额</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.02</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万亿元。社保基金自成立以来的年均投资收益率</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">8.30%</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,累计投资收益额</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.80</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万亿元。在财政性拨入资金和股份资本中,一般公共预算拨款</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3548</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">亿元,国有股减转持资金和股份</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2844</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">亿元。</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2021</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年末全国国有企业资产总额达到</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">308.3</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">万亿元,为全国社会保障基金提供强大的后盾。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">因此,随着我国养老保险制度改革不断深化,多层次、多支柱的养老保障体系不断健全和完善,全国社会保障基金持续做大做强,将为我国养老保障体系实现长期可持续发展提供可靠的制度保障。</span></p><p><br/></p><p style="margin: 24px 8px 32px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">注:本文转自《环球时报》</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2023</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">日,作者系中国社会保障研究会副会长,浙江大学国家制度研究院副院长、共享与发展研究院研究员、中国养老金融</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">50</span><span style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">人论坛学术委员会主席金维刚。</span></strong></p><p><br style="white-space: normal;"/></p><p><br/></p>