标题:有些妇科肿瘤有遗传性，这样防治更科学。内容:<section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1px; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">肿瘤已经严重威胁到人类健康，成为造成人类死亡的第二大因素。2022年国家癌症中心发布数据显示，我国整体癌症发病率和死亡率呈持续上升趋势。乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌等妇科肿瘤位居女性癌症新发癌症病例数的前十名。</p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">越来越多的女性朋友重视起体检，体检中心走一趟，防癌项目来一套。但是依然有人虽然年年体检，可一发现癌症就已是晚期，这是为什么呢？</p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">答案就是，体检并不能发现所有早期癌症，尤其是一些会遗传的癌症。</p></section><p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: 0; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></section></p><p powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 10%; height: auto; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(95, 145, 183); border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; transform: rotateX(180deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(214, 72, 87); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 7px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; min-width: 10%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(95, 145, 183); letter-spacing: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">遗传性肿瘤怎么理解</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: right; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(95, 145, 183); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">癌症确实可以通过体检早发现、早治疗，但是，不是所有癌症都可以通过体检筛查出来。比如位居妇科肿瘤死亡率榜首的卵巢癌，因为早期症状不明显，所以早期的检出率并不高。一些会遗传的癌症，比如遗传性乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌，没有发病之前根本没有症状，普通的体检难以发现。而有5%～10%的妇科肿瘤与亲属遗传史有关。</p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">遗传性肿瘤，这个医学名词逐渐走进大众视野源于美国电影演员安吉丽娜·朱莉。2013年，她在自传《我的医疗选择》中称，由于母亲罹患卵巢癌去世，她通过基因检测确定自己遗传携带BRCA1基因突变，医生预测她患乳腺癌和卵巢癌的概率分别为87%和50%，因此她选择进行双侧乳腺切除术和双侧卵巢、输卵管切除术，以降低患癌风险。然而，这并不是大多数女性的选择。</p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">遗传性肿瘤具有家族性聚集倾向，而且一般发病年龄较早，并在连续几代中存在。如果有些家庭中有多代多位家族成员罹患癌症，就要想到可能有遗传因素在其中发挥着作用。</p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">迄今为止，超过100种遗传性肿瘤易感综合征被发现。与遗传相关的常见妇科肿瘤包括遗传性乳腺癌/卵巢癌综合征，其特征在于家族中多位成员罹患乳腺癌和/或卵巢癌，男性发生乳腺癌和前列腺癌的风险也显著升高，可遗传的BRCA1/BRCA2基因突变就是导致该综合征的原因。此外，Lynch综合征（也叫遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌）、Peutz-Jeghers综合征（也叫黑斑息肉综合征），以及相对少见的PTEN基因突变的Cowden综合征、TP53基因突变的Li-Fraumeni综合征等，都是遗传性肿瘤易感综合征。</p></section></p><p powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 10%; height: auto; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(95, 145, 183); border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; transform: rotateX(180deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(214, 72, 87); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 7px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; min-width: 10%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(95, 145, 183); letter-spacing: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">家族成员都会发病吗</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: right; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(95, 145, 183); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">遗传性肿瘤家族的成员都必然会罹患肿瘤吗？答案是否定的。</p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">遗传性肿瘤家族通过遗传将该致病突变基因传递给家族中的多位成员，导致携带该致病突变基因的成员患某种或多种肿瘤的发病风险显著增加，也就是发生癌症的易感性增加。例如，遗传性乳腺癌/卵巢癌家族中BRCA1基因突变携带者，到80岁时终生卵巢癌的发病风险为44%，BRCA2基因突变携带者到80岁时终生卵巢癌的发病风险为17%。因此，携带该基因突变的女性不一定都会患卵巢癌，只是比正常人群的发病风险要高。</p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">与遗传相关的妇科肿瘤常呈现常染色体显性遗传特征，所以一般规律为，父母双方如果有一方携带致病基因，其子女中约有50%的患病概率，而且遗传与性别无关，男女发病概率没有差异，在连续几代中都会存在。</p></section></p><p powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></section></p><p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 10%; height: auto; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(95, 145, 183); border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; transform: rotateX(180deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(214, 72, 87); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 7px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; min-width: 10%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(95, 145, 183); letter-spacing: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">自查是否携带突变基因</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: right; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(95, 145, 183); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">有以下情况的女性，要特别注意自己是否携带遗传性肿瘤的致病突变基因：直系亲属中有卵巢癌或乳腺癌患者；在绝经前患上卵巢癌或乳腺癌，或者同时患上多个肿瘤，如乳腺癌、卵巢癌；家族中有男性乳腺癌患者，甚至有前列腺癌患者；直系亲属中有患子宫内膜癌或结直肠癌患者；直系亲属中有两个及两个以上其他肿瘤患者。</p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如何尽早知道自己是否携带恶性肿瘤致病基因呢？答案就是这几年很“火”的基因检测。这类遗传性肿瘤可以通过基因检测和遗传咨询得以早期预防、早期诊断和治疗。</p></section></p><p powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: 0; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></section></p><p powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 10%; height: auto; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(95, 145, 183); border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; transform: rotateX(180deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(214, 72, 87); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 7px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; min-width: 10%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(95, 145, 183); letter-spacing: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">人人都要做基因检测吗</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: right; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(95, 145, 183); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">答案是否定的。选择基因检测有两个目的，第一是筛查具有恶性肿瘤遗传倾向的个体和家族，第二是筛查可以进行药物治疗的潜在靶点。因此，不推荐人人都进行基因检测。有相关需求的患者，建议到医院的遗传病专科门诊咨询。</p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果确定是遗传性肿瘤家族基因突变携带者或家族成员，建议定期监测和随访，以期早期预防、早期诊断和早期治疗。例如，携带BRCA基因突变的女性，或者即使未检测到BRCA基因突变但明确存在卵巢癌或乳腺癌家族史的女性，要进行较为频繁的妇科肿瘤监测，建议从35岁开始每隔6个月进行盆腔检查、经阴道超声检查和血清肿瘤标记物CA125的检测等；患有Lynch综合征的女性，建议从20～25岁开始每年进行结肠镜检查，从30～35岁开始或从家族成员首次确诊Lynch综合征相关肿瘤最早年龄前5～10年开始，每年进行妇科检查取样和经阴道超声检查，以筛查子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌。</p><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 10%; height: auto; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(95, 145, 183); border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; transform: rotateX(180deg); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(214, 72, 87); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 7px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; min-width: 10%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(95, 145, 183); letter-spacing: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如何孕育健康下一代</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: right; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 8px; height: 8px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(95, 145, 183); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对于患恶性肿瘤的年轻女性患者，在疾病确诊或基因检测明确后，建议前往遗传病专科门诊进行肿瘤遗传咨询，在遗传咨询医生的指导下进行个体化的生育力和内分泌功能的保护。对于携带致病基因的高危健康女性，同样有必要进行生育计划指导，可通过试管婴儿植入前胚胎遗传学检查和产前诊断，避免下一代携带恶性肿瘤致病突变基因，以降低后代患病的概率。</p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">来源：《大众健康》杂志</span></p></section></p><p><br/></p>